苦草 (Vallisneria)养护指南
Vallisneria spiralis / V. americana (trade stock often misidentified) · Hydrocharitaceae
苦草 (Vallisneria) (Vallisneria spiralis / V. americana (trade stock often misidentified)) 是一种水草。 隶属于Hydrocharitaceae科。 原产于V. spiralis: southern Europe, Africa and the Middle East to South Asia。 生长需要low to medium光照。 适宜水温：20°C – 28°C。 pH范围：6.0 – 8.0。 养护难度：极易。 生长速度：快 (靠匍匐茎扩展)。
如何养护苦草 (Vallisneria)？
| 光照 | Low to Medium (grows in almost any light; strong light turns some forms such as 'Tiger' reddish) |
|---|---|
| CO₂ | 无需添加 |
| 水温 | 20°C – 28°C |
| pH | 6.0 – 8.0 |
| 造景位置 | 后景 – 高大的带状叶 |
| 生长速度 | 快 (靠匍匐茎扩展) |
| 养护难度 | 极易 |
| 科属 | Hydrocharitaceae |
如何修剪与繁殖苦草 (Vallisneria)？
过长的叶子从基部剪掉 (不要剪叶尖——切口会变褐)；去除多余的匍匐茎。用匍匐茎上的子株繁殖。
苦草 (Vallisneria)有哪些常见问题？
Leaf melt after above-label doses of liquid carbon (glutaraldehyde) — Seachem found normal maintenance doses were tolerated; cut leaf ends rot back.
如何解决苦草 (Vallisneria)的常见问题？
Don't overdose liquid carbon; remove whole leaves at the base instead of trimming tips. It does well in harder, carbonate-rich water.
苦草 (Vallisneria)原产于哪里？
V. spiralis: southern Europe, Africa and the Middle East to South Asia (east to Myanmar/Thailand); V. americana: eastern & central North America (some sources extend it to Central America and the Caribbean)
购买苦草 (Vallisneria)前需要了解什么？
Never release into waterways. V. spiralis is an "unwanted organism" in New Zealand (no sale, propagation or distribution) and rated High risk by the US Fish & Wildlife Service; it is naturalised in parts of Europe, Texas, Hawaii and New Zealand, and hybrids of likely aquarium origin are established in Florida and Alabama.
参考来源
- Vallisneria spiralis L. — Kew – Plants of the World Online
- Vallisneria americana Michx. — Kew – Plants of the World Online
- Tape Grass (Vallisneria spiralis) Ecological Risk Screening Summary — U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (2025)
- Vallisneria spiralis — Wikipedia
- Vallisneria americana — Wikipedia
- Vallisneria spiralis — Flowgrow aquatic plant database
- Vallisneria americana — Flowgrow aquatic plant database
- Vallisneria spiralis 'Tiger' – plant details — Tropica
- Vallisneria spiralis 'Tiger' (article) — Tropica
- Vallisneria americana 'Natans' – plant details — Tropica
- Flourish Excel — Seachem
养护信息已于 2026-09-23 与这些来源核对。